The history of philosophy is, in fact, the history of human quest. The seeking entity ultimately positions itself according to “whatever it finds.” If it is matter, humans conceive of themselves as matter; if it is an idea, they conceive of themselves as an idea. Therefore, the source of the quest is also its goal.

Just as thought folds back on itself, humans also fold back on themselves. Just as thought folds back upon itself, so too does man. On the other hand, just as thought cannot make itself entirely an object to itself, humans cannot make themselves entirely an object to themselves. Whether awareness is involved or not, the outcome remains the same. Although the form may change in both primitive and modern times, it is hardly possible to say that the essence has changed. Because human nature compels this. When we say human nature, even this concept itself is debatable. Even an objection such as “Is the concept of nature applicable to humans?” stems from a concern or objection that returns to the human being itself. There is no possibility of escaping this cycle. Because whatever we call consciousness/mind/spirit/nature, it can never ultimately objectify itself. On the other hand, it cannot speak without being an object. The question of whether there is a solution to this paradox remains unanswered, as it is a question that stems from the essence of the subject itself. This work, prepared by Associate Professor Abdurrazak Gültekin, actually highlights one dimension of this predicament. In other words, the book in your hands can be seen as a comprehensive presentation of crystallized states related to the discovery of human consciousness, stretching from ancient times to modern times. Undoubtedly, the point reached in modern times presents a much more sophisticated appearance. It is clear that such studies have a certain value in tracing the path backward to this new phase, explained by conceptualizations such as the virtual universe, transhumanism, artificial intelligence, and the metaverse, and in determining the path forward. Furthermore, this work deserves recognition for revealing philosophy's inseparable connection with reality. In this regard, I congratulate Associate Professor Abdurrazak Gültekin for presenting us with such a comprehensive study.

November/2025-Edinburgh.